Transport infrastructure – highway and railway bridges, culverts, underpasses, overpasses, and tunnels, railway stations.

Industrial infrastructure – warehouses, factories, storage facilities, heavy-duty paved areas, storage yards, loading bays.

Utility infrastructure – pipelines, transmission towers and poles.

Earthworks and retaining structures – embankments, cuttings, soil stabilisation, ground improvement works, retaining walls.

Water management – canals, flood defences, stormwater drainage, wastewater treatment plants.

Coastal and Marine Structures – piers, jetties, seawalls, breakwaters, offshore platforms.

Maintenance and repair – maintenance, strengthening, and repair of existing civil infrastructure.

Concrete – structures made by reinforced or prestressed concrete, precast or in-situ, such as highway or railway bridges, culverts, underpasses and overpasses, retaining walls, tunnels, water treatment facilities.

Steel – structures comprising pre-fabricated steel members erected and assembled on site, such as railway bridges, offshore platforms, transmission towers, photovoltaic (PV) panel installations.

Masonry – load-bearing stone, brick and blockwork construction, commonly used in railway viaducts and historic arch bridges, canal structures and retaining walls.

Timber – pedestrian bridges, utility poles, piers and waterfront structures, fences, shoring systems and temporary works.

Composites & other materials – carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) used for strengthening, retrofitting, and repair of existing civil structures.

Concrete – concrete strength, adequacy of reinforcement, deflection, water ingress, cracking, corrosion, deterioration, settlement, creep, chemical attack, fire resistance, movement joints, specification of materials.

Steel – member and connection failures, welds and bolts issues, deflection, buckling, machinery or traffic induced vibrations, fabrication and erection tolerances, fatigue.

Masonry – load capacity assessment, specification, cracking, movement joints, stability.

Timber – specification, bracing and stability, load capacity, deflection, connection design, vibration, joint detailing, durability, fire resistance.

Roles and responsibilities – duties and standard of care of designers, contractors and subcontractors.

Code compliance –assessing compliance with codes of practice and building regulations.

Health and safety during construction works – investigating the root cause(s) of collapse or partial collapse of structure during construction works, H&S incidents, temporary works, construction sequence, scaffolding.

Workmanship – tolerances, construction defects.

Remedial works – assessing need for remedial action, adequacy proposed solutions.

Superstructure – causes of damage or collapse, stability assessment, wind-induced damage, cracking, excessive deflection, concerns over the adequacy of design, concerns over the quality of workmanship.

Foundations – design, workmaship, settlement, cracking, material quantities, tolerances.

Basements and underground works – water ingress, heave, settlement, cracking.

Paved areas – cracking, settlement, fatigue, drainage.

Facades – assessing structural systems, fixings, wind-induced damage, responsibilities.